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Microsoft Sentinel analytics rules

Adopt the unified Defender portal and Sentinel switches your Microsoft security rules off for you.

The documentation says so directly, and teams still walk into it halfway through a migration. Incident creation moves over to Defender XDR, which is the right behavior, but a rule set that quietly loses two entire types is something to understand before you migrate rather than during the post-mortem. We inventory, tune and maintain Sentinel detection rules for organizations across the United States.

Book a detection rule reviewSee the rule types
Microsoft Sentinel analytics rules for US organizations
  • 7 typesRule and template types available
  • Once a minuteHow often near real time rules run
  • No alertsAnomaly rules write to a table instead
  • Auto disabledMicrosoft security rules, after the portal move
What the rule types do

Eight things that decide whether your detections work.

There are seven rule and template types in Sentinel and they do not behave alike. Three of them cannot be customized at all. One never generates an alert. And two disappear the moment you move to the unified Defender portal.

Scheduled rules, which is most of your rule set

This is the type most estates run almost exclusively. A Kusto query executes on a schedule against raw data across a defined lookback window, and an alert fires when the results cross whatever threshold you set. Because the query logic sits in the open inside the rule, somebody can read it, understand it and tune it.

Near real time rules and what they cost

These are a narrow subset of scheduled rules built to execute every sixty seconds, so the information they carry is as current as the platform can make it. They behave much like scheduled rules but with restrictions attached, which makes them a precision instrument rather than something to reach for whenever a detection feels urgent.

Anomaly rules, which deliberately do not alert

Machine learning watches behavior over a window, establishes what normal looks like, then marks anything falling outside it. The part people miss is that these rules raise no alerts of their own. What they do is write detected anomalies into the Anomalies table, and you query that table to bring context into your detections, your investigations and your hunts.

Tuning anomalies through flighting

The configuration on an out of the box anomaly rule is fixed, with no editing or fine-tuning available. The workaround is built into the product: duplicate the rule, tune your copy, then run that copy in Flighting mode while the original continues in Production alongside it. Compare the two sets of results and promote the duplicate once the tuning holds up.

Two rule types that disappear on the Defender portal move

Two types go away entirely once you enable Defender XDR incident integration or onboard Sentinel to the Defender portal: Microsoft security rules and Advanced multistage attack detection. Incident creation passes to Defender XDR, and anything of that kind you had already defined is disabled without being asked.

The rules you cannot edit but should enable

Three more types round out the list. Microsoft Threat Intelligence Analytics allows no customization and works by matching CEF logs, Syslog data or Windows DNS events against domain, IP and URL threat indicators. Fusion arrives enabled, keeps its logic hidden, and exists as a single instance. ML Behavior Analytics, still in preview, looks for anomalous SSH and RDP login behavior.

The permission trap in multi-tenant deployments

Ordinarily a rule holds an access token of its own, which keeps it running regardless of what happens to the person who wrote it. There is one exception, and it matters. A rule reaching into a workspace in another subscription or another tenant runs on the credentials of whoever created it, so the day that person loses access is the day the rule stops.

Rules as code, through ARM templates

A rule can be exported into an Azure Resource Manager template so it is managed and deployed as code, and imported back from a template file to be read and edited in the interface. Anywhere more than one workspace exists, this is the mechanism that makes a rule set consistent instead of built twice by hand and diverging from week one.

The failure that only affects service providers and groups

The day the author of a cross-tenant rule loses access is the day that rule stops running.

There is a documented exception to the usual permission model, and it does the most damage in precisely the environments least likely to spot it.

  • The standard behavior is that an access permissions token gets attached to the rule and stored with it, so the rule continues reaching its workspace whatever happens to the person who wrote it. That is what everyone assumes, and inside a single tenant the assumption holds.
  • Where the rule reaches a workspace in a different subscription or a different tenant, the managed provider case and the multi-entity group case, no independent token is used. The rule runs on the credentials of whoever created it. Take that access away and the rule ceases to function.
  • What you see is a health monitoring message reporting insufficient access to resource, followed by the rule disabling itself once it has failed enough times. The practical effect is that an engineer who left in one month can take a set of detections offline in another, with nothing linking the two events for anyone looking at the console.
  • No setting fixes this. It is handled by process: build cross-tenant rules under an account that outlives individuals, watch rule health as a deliberate activity rather than incidentally, and make a rule ownership check part of offboarding any security engineer.
Ask us to audit rule ownership
How we approach it

Four things that make a rule set worth having.

Counting enabled rules tells you nothing about whether a detection set is any good. The real measure is whether an analyst still reads the alerts, and that comes down almost entirely to what proportion of them turn out to be nothing at all.

We reduce noise before we add coverage

An unactioned rule is a liability rather than a control, because what it actually teaches the team is that the console can be ignored. Adjusting a threshold, narrowing scope to the assets that matter, or switching a rule off entirely each improve your detection posture more than adding one more rule to the stack.

We check for rules that disabled themselves

A cross-tenant rule runs on the credentials of the person who built it rather than on a token of its own. Once that access goes, the rule fails, raises an insufficient access to resource health message, and disables itself after enough repeated failures. Nobody in the organization ever links a departure in March to detections that went missing in June.

We use anomaly rules for what they are

No alerts come out of them. What they do is write the anomalies they detect into the Anomalies table for you to query, supplying context that sharpens detections, investigations and hunts. Enable them expecting alerts and you will conclude they are broken. Query the table instead and they earn their place.

We put the rule set under source control

Because rules move out to ARM templates and back in from template files, the whole set becomes reviewable, deployable to any workspace and recoverable after a mistake. More importantly it gives detection engineering a change history, instead of leaving it as a portal that somebody edited last Thursday for reasons nobody wrote down.

How an engagement runs

Four phases across roughly six weeks.

The typical Sentinel deployment carries more rules than it needs, a good share of them noisy, and blind spots nobody has examined. What follows deals with the noise before the gaps, on the simple grounds that a console full of noise conceals everything else in it.
  1. 01
    Week 1

    Inventory the rules and their health

    We list every enabled rule against its type, the tables it reads, how many alerts it produces and what its health state says. Auto-disabled rules get called out by name, because a cross-tenant rule can take itself offline when its creator loses access and nobody in the organization ever connects those two events.

    • Full rule inventory by type and source table
    • Alert volume per rule over a representative period
    • Auto-disabled and failing rules identified
    • Rules created by departed staff flagged
  2. 02
    Weeks 2 to 3

    Reduce the noise before adding anything

    A rule throwing out alerts that nobody ever acts on costs you more than having no rule at all, because it teaches the team to look past the console. Each one gets tuned, given a threshold, scoped down or retired outright, and the decision is written down so nobody quietly undoes it in six months.

    • High volume low value rules identified
    • Tuning applied with thresholds and exclusions
    • Rules retired where tuning cannot help
    • Noise reduction measured against the baseline
  3. 03
    Week 4

    Find the gaps and fill them from templates

    The guidance is emphatic about using analytics rule templates from Content Hub solutions, which are authored by security specialists around known threats and attack chains. Install the solution matching a source you have already connected and its rules come with it, which is a far better starting point than writing detection logic from nothing.

    • Connected sources without detection coverage identified
    • Content Hub solutions installed for those sources
    • Templates activated and scoped
    • Anomaly rules enabled and their table queried for context
  4. 04
    Weeks 5 to 6

    Make it maintainable and portal ready

    The rule set gets exported to ARM templates so it can be deployed and reviewed like any other code, ownership is lifted off named individuals anywhere cross-tenant access is in play, and the move to the Defender portal is planned properly, including an explicit list of the rules that transition will disable.

    • Rules exported as ARM templates for source control
    • Cross-tenant rule ownership moved off individuals
    • Defender portal impact on rule types documented
    • Rule health monitoring established
Where this matters

Six situations where the rule set needs work.

The tell is an analyst selecting a page of alerts and closing them all at once. That is not carelessness, it is a rational response to a rule set nobody ever tuned.

A business whose analysts stopped reading alerts

Nothing signals overdue tuning more plainly. Treat alert fatigue as a training issue and nothing changes, because it is a rule quality issue. The fix is measurement: find which specific rules produce alerts nobody acts on, then tune or retire those, rather than asking people to concentrate harder.

An organization moving to the Defender portal

Enable Defender XDR incident integration, or onboard Sentinel to the Defender portal, and both Microsoft security rules and Advanced multistage attack detection cease to be available, with any existing rules of those types disabled automatically. Establishing that in advance saves a genuinely confusing week on the other side of the migration.

A managed service provider or multi-entity group

Rules crossing a subscription or tenant boundary run on the credentials of whoever created them, not on an independent access token. Where engineers move between accounts and between customers regularly, that becomes a recurring source of detections that switch themselves off with nobody correctly identifying why.

A regulated firm evidencing detection coverage

Sooner or later a SOC 2 auditor, a NYDFS Part 500 assessment or an insurance questionnaire will ask which threats you detect and how you know that you do. A rule set mapped against your connected sources, held as ARM templates and monitored for health gives a concrete answer. A screenshot of the enabled rules list does not.

An operator ingesting sources with no detection on them

Ingesting a log source that no analytics rule ever reads is spending with nothing on the other side of it. Install the Content Hub solution for that source and its rule templates arrive with it, which is faster and cheaper than authoring detection logic yourself for data you are already paying to store.

A company building a detection engineering practice

Moving rules out to ARM templates and back again is what turns detection engineering into a discipline instead of a sequence of edits made in a portal. It also creates a moment where a rule can be reviewed before it is live, and that review is where most tuning problems would have been caught in the first place.

Three positions

How US organizations run Sentinel detection.

Most deployments come to rest in the middle column. Rules switched on during the original build, never revisited, generating alerts that a tired analyst has learned to close without opening.
Alert volume manageable
Tuned and maintainedYes
Enabled at deploymentVariable
Templates activated broadlyNo
Alerts actually actioned
Tuned and maintainedMost
Enabled at deploymentSome
Templates activated broadlyFew
Rules tuned rather than ignored
Tuned and maintainedYes
Enabled at deploymentNo
Templates activated broadlyNo
Coverage gaps identified
Tuned and maintainedYes
Enabled at deploymentNo
Templates activated broadlyAssumed absent
Anomaly context used
Tuned and maintainedQueried in hunting
Enabled at deploymentUnused
Templates activated broadlyUnused
Rule health monitored
Tuned and maintainedYes
Enabled at deploymentNo
Templates activated broadlyNo
Rules under source control
Tuned and maintainedARM templates
Enabled at deploymentNo
Templates activated broadlyNo
Cross-tenant ownership safe
Tuned and maintainedYes
Enabled at deploymentUnknown
Templates activated broadlyUnknown
Defender portal impact known
Tuned and maintainedDocumented
Enabled at deploymentUnknown
Templates activated broadlyUnknown
Analyst trust in the console
Tuned and maintainedHigh
Enabled at deploymentModerate
Templates activated broadlyLow
Feature
Tuned and maintained
Enabled at deployment
Templates activated broadly
Alert volume manageable
YesVariableNo
Alerts actually actioned
MostSomeFew
Rules tuned rather than ignored
YesNoNo
Coverage gaps identified
YesNoAssumed absent
Anomaly context used
Queried in huntingUnusedUnused
Rule health monitored
YesNoNo
Rules under source control
ARM templatesNoNo
Cross-tenant ownership safe
YesUnknownUnknown
Defender portal impact known
DocumentedUnknownUnknown
Analyst trust in the console
HighModerateLow
The seven types

What each rule type does, and whether you can change it.

The line that actually matters is whether a type can be customized. Three of them are switch on and step away, and knowing which three saves an analyst a wasted afternoon trying to tune something that cannot be tuned.

Type

Scheduled

What it does
Kusto query on an interval against a lookback period
Customizable
Yes, fully

Type

Near real time

What it does
A limited subset of scheduled rules, running once a minute
Customizable
Yes, with limitations

Type

Anomaly

What it does
Machine learning baseline, writes to the Anomalies table
Customizable
Only via a duplicate in flighting mode

Type

Microsoft security

What it does
Turns alerts raised by other Microsoft security products into incidents as they arrive
Customizable
Yes, but unavailable on the Defender portal

Type

Threat intelligence

What it does
Matches CEF, Syslog, and Windows DNS events against indicators
Customizable
No

Type

Fusion

What it does
Correlates low-fidelity alerts into high-fidelity incidents
Customizable
No, and only one instance

Type

ML behavior analytics

What it does
Anomalous SSH and RDP login behavior, in preview
Customizable
No

Type

Generates its own alerts

What it does
All except anomaly rules
Customizable
Anomalies go to a table

Type

Enabled by default

What it does
Advanced multistage attack detection
Customizable
Others require activation

Type

Affected by the Defender portal move

What it does
Microsoft security and Fusion
Customizable
Both auto-disabled
TypeWhat it doesCustomizable
ScheduledKusto query on an interval against a lookback periodYes, fully
Near real timeA limited subset of scheduled rules, running once a minuteYes, with limitations
AnomalyMachine learning baseline, writes to the Anomalies tableOnly via a duplicate in flighting mode
Microsoft securityTurns alerts raised by other Microsoft security products into incidents as they arriveYes, but unavailable on the Defender portal
Threat intelligenceMatches CEF, Syslog, and Windows DNS events against indicatorsNo
FusionCorrelates low-fidelity alerts into high-fidelity incidentsNo, and only one instance
ML behavior analyticsAnomalous SSH and RDP login behavior, in previewNo
Generates its own alertsAll except anomaly rulesAnomalies go to a table
Enabled by defaultAdvanced multistage attack detectionOthers require activation
Affected by the Defender portal moveMicrosoft security and FusionBoth auto-disabled
How an engagement runs

Five steps, and the first two are subtraction.

Nearly every deployment we look at has more rules than it has tuning. So we take away and adjust before we add anything, on the basis that coverage dropped into a noisy console is coverage nobody will ever notice.
  1. 1

    Inventory rules with volume and health

    We catalog each enabled rule against its type, the tables it reads, its alert volume and its health state. Rules that are failing or have disabled themselves get named explicitly, cross-tenant rules whose creator lost access included, because those fail with an insufficient access message that almost never reaches a human.

  2. 2

    Measure which alerts get actioned

    Alert volume is the wrong metric. Action taken is the right one. The rule to tune is the one generating plenty of alerts that analysts reliably close as benign. The rule to defend against well-meaning consolidation is the quiet one whose few alerts always turn out to matter.

  3. 3

    Tune, scope, or retire

    We adjust thresholds, scope rules down to the assets that matter, and add exclusions wherever a known benign pattern is doing most of the talking. Where no amount of tuning makes a rule useful, it gets retired with the reasoning written down, so the next person reviewing coverage does not simply switch it back on.

  4. 4

    Close the gaps from templates

    Any connected source with no detection sitting on it gets identified, and the matching Content Hub solution is installed so its rule templates come in alongside the workbooks and playbooks. Template use carries a strong recommendation for good reason: the people who wrote them work from more threat data than any single organization will ever see.

  5. 5

    Make it maintainable

    The set goes into ARM templates under source control, ownership of cross-tenant rules is moved off individual accounts, rule health is monitored so failures actually surface, and the Defender portal transition is planned with the two rule types it will disable named up front.

Straight answers

What organizations ask about Sentinel analytics rules.

There are four main types, scheduled, near real time, anomaly and Microsoft security rules. Behind those sit three specialized template types, each producing a single instance with limited configuration: threat intelligence, advanced multistage attack detection which you will see called Fusion, and machine learning behavior analytics.

Every sixty seconds, deliberately, so the information they carry is as current as it can be. They are described as a limited subset of scheduled rules behaving mostly the same way but with restrictions attached, which makes them right for particular high urgency detections rather than a sensible default across the board.

They are not designed to. Anomaly rules raise no alerts of their own. What they do is record what they detected into the Anomalies table, and you query that table to bring context into your detections, your investigations and your hunting. Anyone waiting for an alert will conclude the feature does not work.

Not the original, no. Out of the box rule configurations are fixed against editing and fine-tuning alike. The supported path is to duplicate the rule, tune your copy, and run that copy in Flighting mode while the original keeps running in Production beside it. Compare what each produces, then move the duplicate into Production once you are satisfied.

Two types stop being available the moment you enable Defender XDR incident integration or onboard Sentinel to the Defender portal: Microsoft security rules, and the Advanced multistage attack detection type. Incident creation shifts to Defender XDR, and anything already defined in those two categories is disabled for you without a prompt.

Coverage itself is not lost, since Defender XDR assumes incident creation for those cases. What changes is where the incidents originate. The risk is procedural rather than technical: a team that did not see this coming burns days working out why rules turned themselves off in the middle of a migration that was otherwise proceeding fine.

Where the rule reaches into another subscription or tenant, the likely answer is that whoever created it no longer has access. Rules of that kind run on their author credentials instead of an independent access token, so they fail, emit a health message reporting insufficient access to resource, and disable themselves once the failures accumulate.

Three things. Build cross-tenant rules under an account that will outlast any individual. Watch rule health so a failure reaches somebody quickly. And add a rule ownership check to how security engineers are offboarded. None of this is a setting you can change; all of it is process.

Seldom as your opening move. The guidance leans hard toward the analytics rule templates that come with Content Hub solutions. Those were built by security specialists and analysts working from known threats, the attack vectors that recur, and the escalation chains suspicious activity tends to follow, and a good many of them accept customization anyway.

There is nothing to customize on Microsoft Threat Intelligence Analytics. Switch it on and it begins matching Common Event Format logs, Syslog data and Windows DNS events against the domain, IP and URL threat indicators held in Microsoft Threat Intelligence. High value, zero tuning, and no reason to leave it off.

That is the Advanced multistage attack detection rule. Its job is to take many low-fidelity alerts and events from across the product set and correlate them into a small number of high-fidelity incidents worth acting on. It comes enabled, its logic is not exposed and cannot be edited, and only one rule may ever use that template.

Export to Azure Resource Manager templates and manage the set as code, importing from a template file whenever you want to read or edit something in the interface. That is also what stops the rule set existing purely as portal state, making it both reviewable and recoverable.

Custom detections are now positioned as the preferred route for creating new rules across Sentinel and Defender XDR together. The reasons given are lower ingestion costs, no ceiling on real-time detections, and integration with Defender XDR data, functions and remediation actions with entity mapping handled automatically. Worth evaluating before you write anything new the old way.

Fewer than you currently have, and every one of them tuned. The figure worth tracking is how many alerts your analysts actually act on rather than close in a batch. A modest rule set that people read beats a sprawling one that taught the whole team to look away from the console.

Scoping is per engagement, driven by how many rules you run and how much alert volume they generate. Here is a first step that costs nothing. Take the five rules producing the most alerts and work out what share of those alerts were acted on rather than closed as benign. A low number means tuning will do more for your detection than any rule you could add.

It can, and that is a solid argument for maintaining good scheduled rules instead of leaning entirely on built-in content. The Fusion engine will correlate alerts raised by your scheduled analytics rules together with alerts coming from other systems, and produce high-fidelity incidents out of the combination.

They live in the Content Hub, arriving when you install the relevant product solution or the standalone content. Almost every product solution there ships analytics rule templates, so installing the solution matching a source you already ingest is the quickest way to close a detection gap you have found.

They do not, and the distinction has consequences. Alerts raised by scheduled and near real time rules turn into incidents automatically. Alerts that were generated somewhere else and ingested into Sentinel do not, and closing that gap is precisely the job Microsoft security rules exist to do.

The Analytics page carries a dedicated Anomalies tab next to your active rules and templates, and everything detected is written into the Anomalies table where you can query it. The value from this rule type comes from using that data as context inside other detections and hunts, not from waiting for it to speak up on its own.
Detection review

Fifteen questions about your own rule set.

Group two is where the largest gains sit. It is close to universal that a Sentinel deployment carries rules whose alerts have gone unactioned for months on end.

Inventory

  • How many rules are enabled?
    And how many are scheduled.
  • Any rules auto-disabled?
    Check for insufficient access messages.
  • Were any created by people who left?
    Cross-tenant rules break.
  • Is Fusion still enabled?
    It is on by default.
  • Are anomaly rules enabled?
    They add context, not alerts.

Quality

  • Which rules produce the most alerts?
    Volume is not value.
  • Which alerts has nobody actioned?
    The real noise measure.
  • Do we tune or just disable?
    Tuning preserves coverage.
  • Do rules cover our connected sources?
    Ingesting without detecting is waste.
  • Are we using Content Hub templates?
    Microsoft strongly encourages it.

Sustainability

  • Are rules exported as ARM templates?
    Rules as code.
  • Do we monitor rule health?
    Failures are silent otherwise.
  • Have we planned the Defender portal move?
    Two rule types are affected.
  • Do we know what custom detections are?
    Microsoft calls them the best way now.
  • Who owns the rule set?
    Not a shared inbox.
Related reading

The pages around this one.

Sentinel data connectors

The ingestion these rules depend on.

Learn more

SOC optimization

Matching coverage to the data you actually ingest.

Learn more

KQL threat hunting

The ad hoc side of the same query language.

Learn more
Next step

Pull the five rules generating the most alerts, then count how many of those alerts anyone acted on.

A majority closed as benign means those five rules are quietly teaching your analysts that the console is not worth their attention. Tuning them will do more for detection than anything new you could add.

Book a detection rule reviewSee Microsoft Sentinel services

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